Do you like rhythm games, MetaCouncil?
Well, do I have a thread for you!
Rhythm games, while they might still be mostly centered around arcades in both Japan and the west, have a surprisingly large home on PC thanks to stuff such as Konami's e-Amusement cloud variants of games, fan programs for titles like Taiko no Tatsujin, and emulation for the console versions of otherwise arcade exclusive rhythm games. Rhythm games require players to memorize and perfect inputs in much the same way that you might memorize combos in a fighting game. Unsurprisingly, there's a lot of cross-over between the two fandoms.
Some games that are popular today:
Sound Voltex
Current AC version: Vividwave
Current e-Amusement version: Gravity Wars
Sound Voltex is a rhythm game that uses a combination of 4 main buttons, two "FX" buttons, and dual analog nobs in order to clear notecharts. It features a large wealth of songs, and the current arcade version sports well over 1000 to choose from, with multiple difficulties for each song. It's part of Konami's Bemani brand, which is by far the largest developer of arcade rhythm games currently on the market.
Taiko no Tatsujin
Current AC version: Taiko no Tatsujin: Green Ver. (JP), Taiko no Tatsujin 14 (NA/EU)
Multiple Console releases from PS2 through PS4/Switch
Fan recreation TJAPlayer3 instructions from r/taikonotatsujin
Taiko no Tatsujin is a rhythm game centered around repeating patterns of two notes, The arcade controller features 4 inputs (2 on each half of the drum's face, and 2 on each half of the drum's rim), which coincidentally has led itself well to console releases, where besides including an option for a "tatacon" controller, the title can be easily played (and enjoyed) with a standard controller. On PC, TJAPlayer3 and emulations of PS2/DS/PSP/Wii/Wii U console releases allows you to play the title relatively easy, even without official PC support.
DJ MAX
Current console release/compilation: DJ MAX Respect on PS4
DJ MAX 1-3 can be emulated on PC, and DJ MAX Trilogy is also available on PC to import if you're fine with supporting Play-Asia.
DJ MAX is a rhythm game relatively similar to Bemani's Beatmania. Players can use 4, 5, 6, or 8 button modes to play a wide variety of songs, with controls and notecharts optimized for a standard console controller. It's a no-frills rhythm game, and DJ MAX Respect is, in my opinion, one of the best values on PS4. You can still play the series on PC, of course.
Groove Coaster
Current AC version: 4EX Infinity Highway
Current iOS/Android version: Groove Coaster 2
Also available on Steam (Steam Controller highly recommended)
Groove Coaster is a rhythm game that utilizes two buttons layered on top of an 8-way digital pad in the arcade. Players tap to the beat as their avatar travels down the track. It's available on Steam, but the controls are actually designed for the Steam Controller, and most of the music is separate DLC. If you have a Steam controller and would be playing in the arcade anyways it's a good enough deal, but otherwise it's not great. At least it's official and easily accessible?
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There are plenty of other rhythm games such as Pop'n Music, Dance Rush, and Hatsune Miku: Project Diva - but I wanted to keep the OP focused on games that are available, in a relatively accessible format, on PC. Project Diva Future Tone is amazing if you have a PS4 that can play it or have a Round1 near you, but if you don't, the rest of these games are some of the best of the best, and more than worth playing.
Well, do I have a thread for you!
Rhythm games, while they might still be mostly centered around arcades in both Japan and the west, have a surprisingly large home on PC thanks to stuff such as Konami's e-Amusement cloud variants of games, fan programs for titles like Taiko no Tatsujin, and emulation for the console versions of otherwise arcade exclusive rhythm games. Rhythm games require players to memorize and perfect inputs in much the same way that you might memorize combos in a fighting game. Unsurprisingly, there's a lot of cross-over between the two fandoms.
Some games that are popular today:

Sound Voltex
Current AC version: Vividwave
Current e-Amusement version: Gravity Wars
Sound Voltex is a rhythm game that uses a combination of 4 main buttons, two "FX" buttons, and dual analog nobs in order to clear notecharts. It features a large wealth of songs, and the current arcade version sports well over 1000 to choose from, with multiple difficulties for each song. It's part of Konami's Bemani brand, which is by far the largest developer of arcade rhythm games currently on the market.

Taiko no Tatsujin
Current AC version: Taiko no Tatsujin: Green Ver. (JP), Taiko no Tatsujin 14 (NA/EU)
Multiple Console releases from PS2 through PS4/Switch
Fan recreation TJAPlayer3 instructions from r/taikonotatsujin
Taiko no Tatsujin is a rhythm game centered around repeating patterns of two notes, The arcade controller features 4 inputs (2 on each half of the drum's face, and 2 on each half of the drum's rim), which coincidentally has led itself well to console releases, where besides including an option for a "tatacon" controller, the title can be easily played (and enjoyed) with a standard controller. On PC, TJAPlayer3 and emulations of PS2/DS/PSP/Wii/Wii U console releases allows you to play the title relatively easy, even without official PC support.

DJ MAX
Current console release/compilation: DJ MAX Respect on PS4
DJ MAX 1-3 can be emulated on PC, and DJ MAX Trilogy is also available on PC to import if you're fine with supporting Play-Asia.
DJ MAX is a rhythm game relatively similar to Bemani's Beatmania. Players can use 4, 5, 6, or 8 button modes to play a wide variety of songs, with controls and notecharts optimized for a standard console controller. It's a no-frills rhythm game, and DJ MAX Respect is, in my opinion, one of the best values on PS4. You can still play the series on PC, of course.

Groove Coaster
Current AC version: 4EX Infinity Highway
Current iOS/Android version: Groove Coaster 2
Also available on Steam (Steam Controller highly recommended)
Groove Coaster is a rhythm game that utilizes two buttons layered on top of an 8-way digital pad in the arcade. Players tap to the beat as their avatar travels down the track. It's available on Steam, but the controls are actually designed for the Steam Controller, and most of the music is separate DLC. If you have a Steam controller and would be playing in the arcade anyways it's a good enough deal, but otherwise it's not great. At least it's official and easily accessible?
---------
There are plenty of other rhythm games such as Pop'n Music, Dance Rush, and Hatsune Miku: Project Diva - but I wanted to keep the OP focused on games that are available, in a relatively accessible format, on PC. Project Diva Future Tone is amazing if you have a PS4 that can play it or have a Round1 near you, but if you don't, the rest of these games are some of the best of the best, and more than worth playing.